The Time Machine Herbert George Wells

[22:43، 2024/11/18] احمد وي برينج: “The Time Machine” is a science fiction novel. The book’s protagonist, who is never named and called only the “Time Traveller”, is a brilliant Victorian inventor who travels 800,000 years into the future. He finds that humans have evolved into two distinct species, called the Eloi and the Morlocks. The Eloi are peace-loving and childlike simpletons who are farmed and eaten by the brutal Morlocks, who live underground. This short novel was its novelist’s first, and it made him famous. The work has influenced generations of speculative fiction writers. In some ways, this novel is a ‘timeless’ text: it continues to enjoy huge popularity; as witnessed by big film adaptations, as well as the fact that the novel itself has never been out of print and is available in a range of editions.

“Wells” is attempting to depict a damaged, wrecked image of the future planet. He’s attempting to convey how dreadful the world may become if mankind continues on its current path. The novel is its writer’s Socialist warning of what will befall mankind if capitalism continues to exploit workers for the benefits of the rich. As the “Time Traveller” theorizes, the working class has been pushed underground for so long that it has evolved into a distinct, nocturnal species. The upper class has remained above ground, and their advanced civilization, stocked with amenities, has turned them into weak, lazy, and dependent creatures.
[22:44، 2024/11/18] احمد وي برينج: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

Mark Twain

On the surface “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” is a child’s adventure story but it is actually an ironic commentary on small-town America in the mid-1800s, with the serious theme of a child growing up to be an adult in that context. In broad terms, the novel traces the development of “Tom” – and also of “Huck” – from childish concerns and behaviour to a state of relative maturity. The novel ends before they are adults but the direction of their development is very clear.

The novel appeals to the young adolescents because of the intriguing and delightful adventures of a boy growing up in the mid-nineteenth century, in addition to the adventures that appeal to the instincts of most young people of any time and country. It also appeals to the adult reader in the way that it invokes memories of their own childhood.

The ironic criticism of “Mark Twain” of the adult attitudes and behaviours throughout the novel is set against the development of “Tom” from childhood to adulthood. He is progressing toward a model of adulthood that is full of hypocrisy. That is a major idea in the novel and something that can’t be resolved. It raises the novel beyond being a simple child’s adventure story.

The novel is similar in structure to the picaresque English novels of the 18th century, where instead of there being a clear plot as one may find in a novel written by the near contemporary of “Twain” – “Charles Dickens” – it comes in a series of episodes with each one contributing to a coherent picture of the lives of the children of the town “St. Petersburg”, and indeed, of the whole community, including the adults.